Most of us have had infections — a bad cold, pneumonia, even a skin infection after a minor injury. Usually, our bodies fight these off without difficulty or any lasting harm. But sometimes the body’s defenses are overwhelmed, or the body’s response to an infection is excessive. Instead of healing, it can cause serious damage. This is called sepsis, and it’s a medical emergency that can affect anyone.
What is sepsis?
Sepsis happens when the body overreacts to an infection, releasing chemicals into the blood that trigger widespread inflammation. This can injure organs like the lungs, kidneys, or heart. Without rapid treatment, sepsis can progress to septic shock, which can be life-threatening.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that more than a million Americans develop sepsis every year. Sadly tens of thousands die from it. But here’s the hopeful part: early recognition and treatment saves lives.
What to look for
Sepsis can develop from almost any infection — pneumonia, urinary tract infections, abdominal infections, or skin infections. What makes sepsis dangerous is how quickly it can escalate.
Here are signs and symptoms that should raise concern: ■ Fever, chills or feeling very cold
■ Rapid breathing or racing heartbeat
■ Confusion, disorientation, or unusual sleepiness
■ Severe pain, feeling “worse than ever,” or extreme weakness
■ Skin changes, such as clammy, mottled, or discolored skin Not everyone will have all these symptoms, but if you or a loved one has an infection and suddenly feels much worse — don’t wait. Get help right away.
What happens in the hospital?
If sepsis is suspected, doctors act fast. Patients are usually given IV antibiotics, intravenous fluids, and often oxygen. In some cases, medicines are needed to support blood pressure or help the body’s organs keep working. The goal is to stop the infection and stabilize the body before more damage occurs.
The good news: with early recognition and prompt medical care, most people survive and recover fully.
What can you do?
The most important step is awareness. Trust your instincts — if something feels seriously wrong, seek medical attention, especially if an infection is already present. Don’t downplay confusion, trouble breathing, or severe weakness in yourself or loved one.
You can also reduce your risk by: ■ Treating infections promptly
■ Staying up to date with vaccinations (like flu and pneumonia shots) ■ Practicing good hygiene, including hand washing and proper wound care
The bottom line
Sepsis is common, dangerous, and fast-moving — but it doesn’t have to be fatal. By knowing the signs and acting quickly, you can save your own life or someone else’s.
••• Dr. Jacob Roberts is medical director at Eureka Springs Hospital.
